Timeline: Past and Present Company

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	Date	Event(s)
1	1662	Poor Relief Act or "Act of Settlement" gave JPs the power to return any wandering poor to the parish of origin (repealed 1834)
2	1803	12 May 1803—1815: Peace of Amiens ends - resumption of war with France - The Napoleonic Wars (1803-18l5)
3	1808	Gas lighting in London streets 13 Jul 1808: 'Hot Wednesday' â€“ temperature of 101Â°F in the shade recorded in London 20 Dec 1808: Beethoven premieres his Fifth Symphony, Sixth Symphony, Fourth Piano Concerto and Choral Fantasy together in Vienna
4	1809	12 Feb 1809: Birth of Charles Darwin 18 Sep 1809: Royal Opera House opens in London
5	1810	John McAdam begins road construction in England, giving his name to the process of road metalling
6	1811	5 Feb 1811: Prince of Wales (future George IV) made Regent after George III deemed insane
7	1812	11 May 1812: Prime Minister, Spencer Perceval, assassinated â€“ shot as he entered the House of Commons by a bankrupt Liverpool broker, John Bellingham, who was subsequently hanged 18 Jun 1812: Start of American "War of 1812" (to 1814) against England and Canada Oct 1812: Napoleon retreats from Moscow with catastrophic losses
8	1813	Ireland: First recorded "12th of July" sectarian riots in Belfast Jane Austen wrote "Pride and Prejudice"
9	1814	1 Jan 1814: Invasion of France by Allies 6 Apr 1814: Napoleon abdicates and is exiled to Elba 13 Aug 1814: Convention of London signed, a treaty between the UK and the Dutch 24 Aug 1814: The British burn the White House 29 Nov 1814: "The Times" first printed by a 'mechanical apparatus' (at 1,100 sheets per hour) 24 Dec 1814: Treaty of Ghent signed ending the 1812 war between Britain and the US
10	1815	Trial by Jury established in Scotland Davy develops the safety lamp for miners 18 Jun 1815: The Battle of Waterloo: Napoleon defeated and exiled to St. Helena
11	1816	Income tax abolished For the first time British silver coins were produced with an intrinsic value substantially below their face value â€“ the first official 'token' coinage Climate: the 'year without a summer' â€“ followed a volcanic explosion of the mountain "Tambora" in Indonesia the previous year, the biggest volcanic explosion in 10,000 years Large scale emigration to North America Trans-Atlantic packet service begins
12	1817	March of the Manchester Blanketeers; Habeas Corpus suspended Constable painted "Flatford Mill"
13	1818	Manchester cotton spinners' strike 20 Oct 1818: 'Convention of 1818' signed between the United States and the United Kingdom which, among other things, settled the US-Canada border on the 49th parallel for most of its length
14	1819	Primitive bicycle, the Dandy Horse, becomes popular Britain returns to gold standard Singapore founded by Sir Stamford Raffles May 1819: SS "Savannah" first steamship to cross Atlantic, reaching Liverpool 20 June 1819 (26 days, mostly under sail) 16 Aug 1819: Peterloo Massacre at Manchester â€“ a large, orderly group of 60,000 meets at St. Peter's Fields, Manchester â€“ demand Parliamentary Reform â€“ mounted troops charge on the meeting, killing 11 people and and maiming many others
15	1820	Cato Street Conspiracy â€“ plot to assissinate British cabinet Abolition of the Spanish Inquisition 29 Jan 1820: Accession of George IV, previously Prince Regent 1 Aug 1820: Regent's Canal in London opens 17 Aug 1820: Trial of Queen Caroline to prove her infidelities so George IV can divorce her â€“ George tries to secure a Bill of Pains and Penalties against her â€“ Caroline is virtually acquitted because bill passed by such a small majority of Lords
16	1821	Faraday publishes "Principles of electro-magnetic rotation" Constable paints "The Hay Wain" 5 May 1821: Napoleon Bonaparte dies on St Helena
17	1822	14 Jun 1822: Charles Babbage proposes a difference engine in a paper to the Royal Astronomical Society
18	1823	New laws concerning marriage by licence â€“ 'very troublesome' according to some: "the Act was repealed, all in a hurry, at the beginning of the next session" Peel begins penal reforms death penalty abolished for over 100 crimes Rugby Football 'invented' at Rugby School Rubberised waterproof material produced by MacIntosh 2 Dec 1823: US President James Monroe delivers a speech establishing American neutrality in future European conflicts (the 'Monroe Doctrine')
19	1824	RSPCA established Portland cement patented 4 Mar 1824: Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI) founded (called the "National Institution for the Preservation of Life from Shipwreck" until 1854) 10 May 1824: National Gallery in London opens to the public
20	1825	27 Sep 1825: Stockton to Darlington Railway opens â€“ world's first service of locomotive-hauled passenger trains
21	1827	Ohm's Law published
22	1828	25 Oct 1828: St Katharine Docks in London opened (designed by Thomas Telford)
23	1829	London Metropolitan Police Force formed, nicknamed "Bobbies" after Sir Robert Peel Louis Braille invents his sytem of finger-reading for the blind 10 Jun 1829: First Oxford/Cambridge Boat Race 6 Oct 1829: George Stephenson's Rocket wins the Rainhill trials (it was the only one to complete the trial!)
24	1830	Uprisings and agitation across Europe: the Netherlands are split into Holland and Belgium Jul 1830: Revolution in France, fall of Charles X and the Bourbons Louis Philippe (the Citizen King) on the throne 15 Sep 1830: George Stephenson's Liverpool & Manchester Railway opened by the Duke of Wellington first mail carried by rail, and first death on the railway as William Huskisson, a leading politician, is run over!
25	1831	A list of all parish registers dating prior to 1813 compiled 1 Jun 1831: James Clark Ross discovers the North Magnetic Pole 1 Aug 1831: 'New' London Bridge opens (replaced 1973) â€“ old bridge (which had existed for over 600 years) then demolished
26	1832	Electoral Registers introduced Electric telegraph invented by Morse 7 Jun 1832: Reform Bill passed â€“ Representation of the People Act
27	1833	Jan 1833: Britain invades the Falkland Islands 29 Aug 1833: Factory Act forbids employment of children below age of 9
28	1834	Babbage invents forerunner of the computer 18 Mar 1834: 'Tolpuddle Martyrs' transported (to Australia) for Trades Union activities 1 May 1834: Slavery abolished in British possessions
29	1835	Christmas becomes a national holiday First railway boom period starts in Britain â€“ construction of Great Western Railway
30	1836	First Potato famine in Ireland 30 Jan 1836: Telford's Menai Straits Bridge opened - considered the world's first modern suspension bridge 25 Feb 1836: Samuel Colt patented the 'revolver' 6 Mar 1836: The Alamo falls to Mexican troops â€“ death of Davy Crockett Jul 1836: Inauguration of the Arc de Triomphe in Paris
31	1837	Pitman introduces his shorthand system P&O Founded 20 Jun 1837: William IV dies â€“ accession of Queen Victoria (to 1901) 1 Jul 1837: Compulsory registration of Births, Marriages & Deaths in England & Wales â€“ Registration Districts were formed covering several parishes; initially they had the same boundaries as the Poor Law boundaries set up in 1834 13 Jul 1837: Queen Victoria moves into the first Buckingham Palace 20 Jul 1837: Euston Railway station opens â€“ first in London
32	1838	28 Jun 1838: Coronation of Queen Victoria at Westminster Abbey
33	1839	First Opium War between Britain and China (to 1842) â€“ Britain captures Hong Kong Scottish blacksmith Kirkpatrick MacMillan refines the primitive bicycle, adding a mechanical crank drive to the rear wheel, thus creating the first true "bicycle" in the modern sense Charles Goodyear invented vulcanized rubber
34	1840	Population Act relating to taking of censuses in Britain Last convicts landed in NSW (some say 1842 or 1849, but these probably landed elsewhere) 10 Jan 1840: Uniform Penny Postage introduced nationally
35	1841	Thomas Cook starts package tours 10 Feb 1841: Penny Red replaces Penny Black postage stamp 6 Jun 1841: June 6: First full census in Britain in which all names were recorded (Population 18.5M)
36	1842	Income Tax reintroduced in Britain 30 Mar 1842: Ether used as an anaesthetic for the first time (by Dr Crawford Long in America) 29 Aug 1842: Treaty of Nanking â€“ End of First Opium War â€“ Britain gains Hong Kong
37	1843	First Christmas card in England 27 May 1843: The Great Hall of Euston station opened in London 19 Jul 1843: Brunel's 'Great Britain' launched
38	1844	6 Jun 1844: YMCA founded in London by Sir George Williams
39	1845	Tarmac laid for first time (in Nottingham) 17 Mar 1845: The rubber band patented by Stephen Perry
40	1846	10 Sep 1846: The sewing machine is patented by Elias Howe
41	1847	US Mormons make Salt Lake City their centre Jan 1847: An anaesthetic used for the first time in England (James Simpson used ether to numb the pain of labour)
42	1848	First commercial production of chewing gum 24 Jan 1848: Gold found at Sutter's Mill, California â€“ starts the California gold rush 11 Jul 1848: Waterloo railway station in London opens
43	1849	Florin (2 shilling coin) introduced as the first step to decimalisation â€“ which finally occurred in 1971!
44	1851	Gold discovered in Australia 1 May 1851: Great exhibition of the works of industry of all nations ("Crystal Palace" exhibition) opened in Hyde Park
45	1852	Tasmania ceases to be a convict settlement Wells Fargo established in USA
46	1853	Vaccination against smallpox made compulsory in Britain
47	1854	Cigarettes introduced into Britain 27 Mar 1854: Britain declares war on Russia (Crimean War) 25 Oct 1854: Battle of Balaklava in Crimea (charge of the Light Brigade)
48	1856	End of Crimean War 29 Jan 1856: Victoria Cross created by Royal Warrant, backdated to 1854 to recognise acts during the Crimean War (first award ceremony 26 June 1857)

John BUCK Abt 1808 - 1856

John BUCK
Abt 1808 - 1856