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Mary Parker CHAPMAN 

Mary Parker CHAPMAN

Female Abt 1837 - 1871

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Timeline

1837
1844
1851
1857
1864
1871
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   Date  Event(s)
1 1837 
  • Pitman introduces his shorthand system
  • P&O Founded
  • 20 Jun 1837: William IV dies – accession of Queen Victoria (to 1901)
  • 1 Jul 1837: Compulsory registration of Births, Marriages & Deaths in England & Wales – Registration Districts were formed covering several parishes; initially they had the same boundaries as the Poor Law boundaries set up in 1834
  • 13 Jul 1837: Queen Victoria moves into the first Buckingham Palace
  • 20 Jul 1837: Euston Railway station opens – first in London
2 1838 
  • 28 Jun 1838: Coronation of Queen Victoria at Westminster Abbey
3 1839 
  • First Opium War between Britain and China (to 1842) – Britain captures Hong Kong
  • Scottish blacksmith Kirkpatrick MacMillan refines the primitive bicycle, adding a mechanical crank drive to the rear wheel, thus creating the first true "bicycle" in the modern sense
  • Charles Goodyear invented vulcanized rubber
4 1840 
  • Population Act relating to taking of censuses in Britain
  • Last convicts landed in NSW (some say 1842 or 1849, but these probably landed elsewhere)
  • 10 Jan 1840: Uniform Penny Postage introduced nationally
5 1841 
  • Thomas Cook starts package tours
  • 10 Feb 1841: Penny Red replaces Penny Black postage stamp
  • 6 Jun 1841: June 6: First full census in Britain in which all names were recorded (Population 18.5M)
6 1842 
  • Income Tax reintroduced in Britain
  • 30 Mar 1842: Ether used as an anaesthetic for the first time (by Dr Crawford Long in America)
  • 29 Aug 1842: Treaty of Nanking – End of First Opium War – Britain gains Hong Kong
7 1843 
  • First Christmas card in England
  • 27 May 1843: The Great Hall of Euston station opened in London
  • 19 Jul 1843: Brunel's 'Great Britain' launched
8 1844 
  • 6 Jun 1844: YMCA founded in London by Sir George Williams
9 1845 
  • Tarmac laid for first time (in Nottingham)
  • 17 Mar 1845: The rubber band patented by Stephen Perry
10 1846 
  • 10 Sep 1846: The sewing machine is patented by Elias Howe
11 1847 
  • US Mormons make Salt Lake City their centre
  • Jan 1847: An anaesthetic used for the first time in England (James Simpson used ether to numb the pain of labour)
12 1848 
  • First commercial production of chewing gum
  • 24 Jan 1848: Gold found at Sutter's Mill, California – starts the California gold rush
  • 11 Jul 1848: Waterloo railway station in London opens
13 1849 
  • Florin (2 shilling coin) introduced as the first step to decimalisation – which finally occurred in 1971!
14 1851 
  • Gold discovered in Australia
  • 1 May 1851: Great exhibition of the works of industry of all nations ("Crystal Palace" exhibition) opened in Hyde Park
15 1852 
  • Tasmania ceases to be a convict settlement
  • Wells Fargo established in USA
16 1853 
  • Vaccination against smallpox made compulsory in Britain
17 1854 
  • Cigarettes introduced into Britain
  • 27 Mar 1854: Britain declares war on Russia (Crimean War)
  • 25 Oct 1854: Battle of Balaklava in Crimea (charge of the Light Brigade)
18 1856 
  • End of Crimean War
  • 29 Jan 1856: Victoria Cross created by Royal Warrant, backdated to 1854 to recognise acts during the Crimean War (first award ceremony 26 June 1857)
19 1857 
  • Work starts on the laying of the Transatlantic cable
20 1858 
  • 'The great stink' – smell of the River Thames forced Parliament to stop work
  • Royal Opera House opens in Covent Garden, London
21 1859 
  • Peaceful picketing legalised in Britain
  • 25 Apr 1859: Work started on building the Suez canal (opened 17 Nov 1869)
  • 4 May 1859: Brunel's Royal Albert Bridge opened at Saltash giving rail link between Devon and Cornwall
  • 24 Nov 1859: Charles Darwin publishes "The Origin of Species"
22 1860 
  • 29 Aug 1860: First tram service in Europe starts in Birkenhead
23 1861 
  • 25 May 1861: American Civil War begins
24 1862 
  • Lincoln issues first legal US paper money (Greenbacks)
  • 20 Apr 1862: First pasteurisation test completed by Louis Pasteur and Claude Bernard
25 1863 
  • Football Association founded (UK)
  • Opening of state institution for criminally insane at Broadmoor, England
  • 10 Jan 1863: First section of the London Underground Railway opens
26 1864 
  • A man-powered submarine, "Hunley", sank a Federal steam ship, USS Housatonic, at the entrance to Charleston harbour in 1864 – the first recorded successful attack by a submarine on a surface ship
  • 11 Mar 1864: The Great Sheffield Flood – over 250 died when a new dam broke while it was being filled for the first time
  • 20 Aug 1864: Red Cross established – Twelve nations sign the First Geneva Convention
  • 8 Dec 1864: Clifton Suspension Bridge over the River Avon officially opened
27 1865 
  • Elizabeth Garrett Anderson (1836-1917) becomes first woman doctor in England [she later became the first woman mayor in England, in Aldeburgh 1908]
  • First concrete roads built in Britain
  • 14 Apr 1865: End of American Civil War – slavery abolished in USA
  • 14 Apr 1865: Abraham Lincoln assassinated in Ford's Theatre by John Wilkes Booth
  • 5 Jul 1865: William Booth (1829-1912) founds Salvation Army, in London
28 1867 
  • 1 Jul 1867: The British North America Act takes effect, creating the Canadian Confederation
29 1868 
  • Last convicts landed in Australia (Western Australia)
30 1869 
  • Ball bearings, celluloid, margarine, and washing machines, all invented
  • 23 Nov 1869: Cutty Sark launched in Dumbarton
31 1870 
  • GPO takes over the privately-owned Telegraph Companies (nationalised)
  • Dr Thomas Barnardo opens his first home for destitute children
  • Water closets come into wide use
  • Diamonds discovered in Kimberley, South Africa
  • 1 Oct 1870: First British postcard – halfpenny post
32 1871 
  • 27 Mar 1871: First Rugby Football international, England v Scotland, played in Edinburgh
  • 29 Mar 1871: Opening of Royal Albert Hall, London
  • 29 Jun 1871: Trades Unions legalised in Britain, but picketing made illegal
  

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