Timeline: Past and Present Company

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	Date	Event(s)
1	1619	4 Dec 1619: (Nov 24 old style): Colonists from Berkeley Parish in England disembark in Virginia and give thanks to God (considered by many to be the first Thanksgiving in the Americas)
2	1620	Manufacture of coke (the fuel, not the drink!) patented by Dud Dudley 21 Dec 1620: (Dec 16 old style): The Mayflower reaches America - founds Plymouth, New England (had initially set sail from Southampton on Aug 5)
3	1621	Chimneys to be made of brick and to be four and a half feet above the roof
4	1622	First English newspaper appeared - "Weekly News"
5	1624	Monopoly Act in England: patents protected Edmund Gunter introduces the surveyor's chain (measurement of length)
6	1625	The size of bricks standardised in England around this time 27 Mar 1625: Death of King James VI & I
7	1628	1 Mar 1628: Writs issued by Charles I that every county in England (not just seaport towns) pay ship tax by this date
8	1629	10 Mar 1629: Parliament dissolved by King Charles I - did not meet for another 11 years
9	1633	Jun 1633: Galileo summoned by Inquisition for publishing in favour of Copernican theory
10	1635	Letter Office of England & Scotland started Flintlock small arms invented around this time (replaces matchlock)
11	1636	Hackney Carriages in use by now in London
12	1638	King Charles regarded protests against the prayerbook as treason forced Scots to choose between their church and the King a "Covenant", swearing to resist these changes to the death, was signed in Greyfriars Church, Edinburgh and was accepted by hundreds of thousands of Scots (revival of Presbyterian Church)
13	1639	Act of Toleration in England established religious toleration
14	1640	3 Nov 1640: Charles I forced to recall Parliament (the 'Long Parliament') due to Scottish invasion
15	1641	Charles I's policies cause insurrection in Ulster and Civil War in England Charles I and the English Parliament acknowledge the Prebyterian Church in Scotland 23 Oct 1641: 50,000 Irish killed in an uprising in Ulster
16	1642	The Civil War interrupted the keeping of parish registers English theatres closed by Puritans (till 1660) 22 Aug 1642—13 May 1649: Charles I raises his standard at Nottingham - First Civil War in England 13 Nov 1642: Battle of Turnham Green Royalist forces withdraw in face of the Parliamentarian army and fail to take London 24 Nov 1642: Abel Janszoon Tasman discovers Van Diemen's Land (now Tasmania) 18 Dec 1642: Abel Janszoon Tasman first European to set foot in New Zealand
17	1643	13 Dec 1643: Battle of Alton victory for Parliamentarians Sir Richard Bolle killed in St Lawrence's church
18	1644	29 Jun 1644: Battle of Cropredy Bridge Royalists beat the Parliamentarian forces 2 Jul 1644: Battle of Marston Moor, near York Parliamentarian forces beat the Royalists
19	1645	Battle of Philiphaugh in Scotland Scotland: Each county and burgh ordered to raise and maintain a number of foot soldiers, according to population, to serve as militia population of Scotland estimated at 420,000 Plague made its last appearance in Scotland 14 Jun 1645: Battle of Naseby: Parliament's New Model Army crushes the Royalist forces
20	1646	5 May 1646: Charles I surrenders to the Scottish Army at Newark 20 Jun 1646: Royalists sign articles of surrender at Oxford
21	1648	Society of Friends (Quakers) founded by George Fox First practical thermometers made
22	1649	Cromwell's Irish campaign starts King Charles II proclaimed King of Scots and England in Scotland 6 Jan 1649: 'Rump' Parliament votes to put Charles I on trial 30 Jan 1649: King Charles I executed 19 May 1649: Commonwealth declared 20 Dec 1649—29 May 1660: Theatres banned by Cromwell 20 Dec 1649: Christmas banned by Cromwell
23	1650	Coffee brought to England about this time
24	1651	The second English Civil War (1651-1652) Scottish prisoners transported to the British settlements in America 3 Sep 1651: Battle of Worcester
25	1653	Commonwealth registers start Under the Act of Settlement Cromwell's opponents stripped of land Provincial probate courts abolished probates granted only in London 20 Apr 1653: Cromwell dissolves the Rump Parliament 16 Dec 1653: Oliver Cromwell becomes Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland
26	1657	Post Office established by Act of Parliament [others say 1660] A few Jews permitted to settle in England
27	1658	Richard Cromwell (son of Oliver) Lord Protector (-1660) 3 Sep 1658: Death of Oliver Cromwell
28	1659	Start of national meteorological Temperature records in the UK 6 Feb 1659: Date of first known bank cheque to be drawn
29	1660	Commonwealth registers ended, Parish Registers resumed Provincial Probate Courts re-established Clarendon code restricts Puritans' religious freedom Composition of light discovered by Newton Honourable East India Company founded by British 1 Jan 1660: Samuel Pepys starts his diary 29 May 1660: Restoration of British monarchy (Charles II) 'Oak Apple Day' theatres reopened 17 Oct 1660: Ten Regicides are executed at Charing Cross or Tyburn 28 Nov 1660: Twelve men, including Christopher Wren, Robert Boyle, John Wilkins, and Sir Robert Moray decide to found what is later known as the Royal Society 8 Dec 1660: First actress plays in London (Margaret Hughes as Desdemona)
30	1661	Restoration of Episcopacy in Scotland Board of Trade founded in London Hand-struck postage stamps first used Corporation Act prevents non-Anglicans from holding municipal office 30 Jan 1661: Oliver Cromwell formally 'executed', having been dead for over two years!
31	1662	'Hearth Tax' introduced until 1689 (1690 in Scotland) Poor Relief Act or "Act of Settlement" gave JPs the power to return any wandering poor to the parish of origin (repealed 1834) Tea introduced to Britain 24 Aug 1662: Act of Uniformity Acceptance of Book of Common Prayer required About 2,000 vicars and rectors driven from their parishes as nonconformists (Presbyterians and Independents)Persecution of all non-conformists Presbyterianism dis-established Episcopalian Church of England restored
32	1664	29 May 1664: Oak Apple Day the birthday of Charles II and the day when he entered London at the Restoration; commanded by Act of Parliament in 1664 to be observed as a day of thanksgiving. A special service (expunged in 1859) was inserted in the Book of Common Prayer and people wore sprigs of oak with gilded oak-apples on that day. 27 Aug 1664: Nieuw Amsterdam becomes New York as 300 English soldiers under Col. Mathias Nicolls take the town from the Dutch under orders from Charles II. The town is renamed after the King's brother James, Duke of York
33	1665	Great Plague of London (July-October) kills over 60,000 Five-mile Act restricts non-conformist ministers in Britain 7 Nov 1665: The "London Gazette" first published one of the official journals of record of the United Kingdom government, and the oldest continuously published newspaper in the United Kingdom
34	1666	Use of semaphore signalling pioneered by Lord Worcester Newton formulated Laws of Gravity 2 Sep 1666: Great Fire of London, after a drought beginning 27 June (2-6 Sep)
35	1668	British East India Company obtains control of Bombay Newton constructs reflecting telescope
36	1669	31 May 1669: Last entry in Pepys's diary
37	1670	26 May 1670: King Charles II and King Louis XIV of France sign the Secret Treaty of Dover
38	1671	9 May 1671: Thomas Blood caught stealing the Crown Jewels
39	1672	High Court of Justiciary established in Scotland War with Holland British Army increased to 10,000 men
40	1673	First Test Act deprives British Catholics and Non-conformists of Public Office
41	1674	10 Nov 1674: Treaty of Westminster Netherlands cedes New Netherlands (on the eastern coast of North America) to Britain
42	1675	Beginning of Whig party under Shaftsbury Rebuilding of St Paul's started by Wren 4 Mar 1675: John Flamsteed appointed first Astronomer Royal of England 10 Aug 1675: Building of Royal Greenwich Observatory started
43	1676	Compton Census, named after its initiator Henry Compton, Bishop of London, was intended to discover the number of Anglican conformists, Roman Catholic recusants and Protestant dissenters in England and Wales from enquiries made in individual parishes
44	1677	Lee's "Collection of Names of Merchants in London" published
45	1678	Extension of Test Act to peers
46	1679	Tories first so named 27 May 1679: Habeas Corpus Act becomes law in England (later repealed from time to time)
47	1680	William Dockwra(y) begins his London Penny Post Dodo becomes extinct in Mauritius through over-hunting
48	1681	Second Test Act (against non-conformists) passed by Westminster Parliament Oil lighting first used in London streets
49	1682	Pennsylvania founded by William Penn Library of Advocates founded in Edinburgh later National Library of Scotland Halley observes the comet which bears his name
50	1683	Wild boar become extinct in Britain 6 Jun 1683: Ashmolean Museum opened at Oxford first museum in Britain
51	1685	James the Second (1685-1689, died 1701) Monmouth rebellion and battle of Sedgemoor British Army raised to 20,000 men Earl of Argyll's Invasion of Scotland Judge Jeffreys and the Bloody Assizes 320 executed, 800 transported
52	1686	Release of all prisoners held for their religious beliefs
53	1687	4 Apr 1687: James II issues the Declaration of Indulgence, suspending laws against Catholics and non-conformists 5 Jul 1687: Newton published his "Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica" written in Latin
54	1688	British Army raised to 40,000 Bill of Rights limits the powers of the monarchy over parliament Hearth Tax abolished Mutiny Act Feb 1688: Edward Lloyd's Coffee House opens later became Lloyd's of London Nov 1688: The Glorious Revolution: James II abdicates 5 Nov 1688: William of Orange lands at Torbay Dec 1688: Siege of Londonderry (began Dec 1688; ended 28 Jul 1689)
55	1689	Devonport naval dockyard established 13 Feb 1689: William III and Mary II, daughter of James II, jointly take the throne (only William, however, has regal power) 12 Mar 1689: Deposed James VII & II flees to Ireland defeated at the Battle of the Boyne (1 Jul 1690) 24 May 1689: Toleration Act passed for Protestant non-conformists 27 Jul 1689: Battle of Killiecrankie in Scotland Jacobites defeated Government troops but at high cost 16 Dec 1689: Bill of Rights passed by Parliament, ending King's divine right to raise taxes or wage war
56	1690	20 May 1690: England passes Act of Grace, forgiving Roman Catholic followers of James II
57	1692	Land Tax introduced originally designed as an annual tax on personal estate, public offices and land. For practical purposes, however, assessors tended to avoid assessing items of wealth other than landed property so that it became known as the Land Tax. French intention to invade England came to nothing 13 Feb 1692: The massacre of Glencoe Clan Campbell sides with King William and murders members of Clan McDonald
58	1693	4 Aug 1693: Date traditionally ascribed to Dom Pierre PÃ©rignon 's invention of Champagne
59	1694	National Debt came into effect in England Stamp Duties introduced into Britain from Holland Mary II death leaves William III as sole ruler Triennial Act, new Parliamentary elections every three years Scotland: Poll Tax imposed on all over sixteen, except the destitute and insane (-1699) 27 Jul 1694: Bank of England founded by William Paterson (a Scot)
60	1695	Freedom of Press in England granted Bank of Scotland founded Act of Parliament imposes a fine on all who fail to inform the parish minister of the birth of a child (repealed 1706) Start of "Dissenters" lists in parish registers children born but not christened in the parish church some were named "Papist" and others "Protestants"
61	1697	2 Dec 1697: Official opening of St Paul's Cathedral
62	1698	Invention of steam engine by Capt Thomas Savery Darien Expedition: a disastrous attempt to establish a Scots settlement in Panama Duties (taxes) on entries in parish registers repealed after five years 4 Jan 1698: Most of the Palace of Whitehall in London destroyed by fire 14 Nov 1698: Eddystone Lighthouse (Henry Winstanley's) first lit; completed 10 days earlier
63	1700	Population in England and Scotland approx 7.5 million
64	1701	Act of Settlement bars Catholics from the British throne 23 May 1701: After being convicted of piracy and murdering William Moore, Captain William Kidd hanged in London
65	1702	8 Mar 1702: Anne Stuart becomes Queen 11 Mar 1702: First English daily newspaper The Daily Courant (till 1735)
66	1703	4 Aug 1703: British take Gibraltar 24 Nov 1703—2 Dec 1703: Climate: Most violent storms of the millennium cause vast damage across southern England about a third of Britain's merchant fleet lost, and Eddystone lighthouse destroyed on 27 November
67	1704	Penal Code enacted Catholics barred from voting, education and the military 13 Aug 1704: Battle of Blenheim
68	1705	First workable steam pumping engine devised by Thomas Newcomen (some say c1710 or 1711) Isaac Newton knighted (for his work at the Royal Mint)
69	1706	First evening newspaper "The Evening Post" issued in London
70	1707	16 Jan 1707: Union with Scotland Scots agree to send 16 peers and 45 MPs to English Parliament in return for full trading privileges Scottish Parliament meets for the last time in March 1 May 1707: English and Scottish Parliaments united by an Act of the English Parliament The Kingdom of Great Britain established - largest free-trade area in Europe at the time
71	1708	First Jacobite rising in Scotland Earliest Artillery Muster Rolls
72	1709	Second Eddystone lighthouse completed First Copyright Act pass Bad harvests throughout Europe bread riots in Britain 2 Feb 1709: Alexander Selkirk rescued from shipwreck on a desert island, inspiring the book Robinson Crusoe (published in 1719) by Daniel Defoe
73	1710	Tax on Apprentice Indentures introduced
74	1711	Incorporation of South Sea Company, in London 11 Aug 1711: First race meeting at Ascot
75	1712	Imposition of Soap Tax (abolished 1853) Last trial for witchcraft in England (Jane Wenham) Toleration Act passed first relief to non-Anglicans
76	1713	By this year there are some 3,000 coffee houses in London
77	1714	Longitude Act: prize of Â£20,000 offered to the inventor of a workable method of determining a ship's longitude (won by John Harrison in 1773 for his chronometer). Schism Act, prevents Dissenters from being schoolmasters in England Landholders forced to take the Oath of Allegiance and renounce Roman Catholicism 1 Aug 1714: Queen Anne Stuart dies George I Hanover becomes king (1714-1727).
78	1715	Second Jacobite rebellion in Scotland, under the Old Pretender ('The Fifteen') 1 Aug 1715: Riot Act passed
79	1716	The Septennial Act of Britain leads to greater electoral corruption general elections now to be held once every 7 years instead of every 3 (until 1911) Climate: Thames frozen so solid that a spring tide lifted the ice bodily 13ft without interrupting the frost fair
80	1717	First Masonic Lodge opens in London Value of the golden guinea fixed at 21 shillings
81	1719	Third abortive Jacobite rising

Anthony RAYNES 1619 - Yes, date unknown

Anthony RAYNES
1619 - Yes, date unknown