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Louisa OLIVER
Female 1905 - 1919


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Timeline

1905
1908
1911
1913
1916
1919
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10
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12
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   Date  Event(s)
1 1905 
  • The title 'Prime Minister' noted in a royal warrant for the first time – placed the Prime Minister in order of precedence in Britain immediately after the Archbishop of York
  • Aliens Act in Britain: Home Office controls immigration
  • Germany lays down the first Dreadnought battleship
  • 11 Apr 1905: Einstein publishes Special Theory of Relativity
2 1906 
  • Introduction of free school meals for poor children
  • 10 Feb 1906: Launching of HMS Dreadnought, first turbine-driven battleship
  • 15 Mar 1906: Rolls-Royce Ltd registered
  • 26 May 1906: Vauxhall Bridge opened in London
  • 20 Sep 1906: Launching of Cunard's RMS Mauretania on the Tyne
3 1907 
  • New Zealand becomes a Dominion
  • Imperial College, London, is established
  • First airship flies over London
  • Lumiere develops a process for colour photography
  • Jul 1907: Leo Hendrik Baekeland patents Bakelite, the first plastic invented that held its shape after being heated
  • 1 Aug 1907: Baden-Powell leads the first Scout camp on Brownsea Island
  • 9 Nov 1907: The Cullinan Diamond presented to Edward VII on his birthday
4 1908 
  • Coal Mines Regulation Act in Britain limits men to an eight hour day
  • Separate courts for juveniles established in Britain
  • Lord Baden-Powell starts the Boy Scout movement
  • 1 Jul 1908: SOS became effective as an international signal of distress
  • 12 Aug 1908: First 'Model T' Ford made
5 1909 
  • Beveridge Report prompts creation of labour Exchanges
  • Peary reaches the north pole
  • First commercial manufacture of Bakelite – start of the plastic age
  • 1 Jan 1909: Old Age Pensions Act came into force
  • 16 Jan 1909: Ernest Shackleton's expedition finds the magnetic South Pole
  • 15 Mar 1909: Selfridges department store opens in London
  • 25 Jul 1909: Bleriot flies across the Channel (36 minutes, Calais to Dover)
6 1910 
  • Railway strike and coal strikes in Britain
  • Constitutional crisis in Britain
  • Dr Crippen caught by radio telegraphy; hanged 23 Nov at Pentonville
  • Madame Curie isolates radium
  • Halley's comet reappears
  • Tango becomes popular in North America and Europe
  • 6 May 1910: Edward VII dies – George V becomes King
7 1911 
  • Parliament Act in Britain reduces the power of the House of Lords
  • British MPs receive a salary
  • First British Official Secrets Act
  • Rutherford: theory of atomic structures
  • Strikes by seamen, dock and transport workers (1911-1912)
  • 2 Apr 1911: Census: Population - England and Wales: 36 Million; Scotland: 4.6 Million; N Ireland: 1.25 Million
  • 22 Jun 1911: Coronation of George V
  • 14 Dec 1911: National Insurance introduced in Britain
8 1912 
  • Irish Home Rule crisis grows in Britain
  • Britain nationalises the telephone system
  • Discovery of the 'Piltdown Man' – hoax, exposed in 1953
  • 18 Jan 1912: Captain Scott's last expedition – he and his team reach the south pole on Jan 18th; all die on the way back, their bodies found in November
  • 14 Apr 1912: The 'unsinkable' Titanic sinks on maiden voyage – loss of 1,513 lives
  • 13 May 1912: Royal Flying Corps (later the RAF) founded in Britain
9 1913 
  • Third Irish Home Rule Bill rejected by House of Lords – threat of civil war in Ireland – formation of Ulster Volunteers to oppose Home Rule
  • Suffragette demonstrations in London – Mrs Pankhurst imprisoned
  • Trade Union Act in Britain establishes the right to use Union funds for political purposes
  • Invention of stainless steel by Harry Brearley of Sheffield
  • Geiger invents his counter to measure radioactivity
  • 4 Jun 1913: Emily Davison, a suffragette, runs out in front of the king's horse, Anmer, at the Epsom Derby and dies
10 1914 
  • Irish Home Rule Act provides for a separate Parliament in Ireland; the position of Ulster to be decided after the War
  • Chaplin and De Mille make their first films
  • 28 Jun 1914: Archduke Ferdinand assassinated in Sarajevo
  • 4 Aug 1914: Britain declares war on Germany, citing Belgian neutrality as reason
  • 5 Aug 1914: British cableship Telconia cut through all five of Germany's undersea telegraph links to the outside world
  • 15 Aug 1914: Panama Canal opened, the Canal cement boat 'Ancon' making the first official transit (plans for a grand opening were cancelled due to the start of WW1)
  • Oct 1914: Battle of Ypres – beginning of trench warfare on western front
  • 27 Nov 1914: First policewoman goes on duty in Britain
  • 16 Dec 1914: German battleships bombard Hartlepool and Scarborough
11 1915 
  • Junkers construct first fighter aeroplane
  • First automatic telephone exchange in Britain
  • 19 Jan 1915: First Zeppelin air raid on England, over East Anglia – four killed
  • Feb 1915: Submarine blockade of Britain starts
  • Apr 1915: Second Battle of Ypres – poison gas used for first time
  • 25 Apr 1915: Gallipoli campaign starts (declared ANZAC Day in 1916)
  • 7 May 1915: RMS Lusitania sunk by German submarine off coast of Ireland – 1,198 died
  • 16 May 1915: First meeting of a British WI (Women's Institute) took place in Llanfairpwll (aka Llanfair PG), Anglesey
12 1916 
  • Compulsory military service introduced in Britain
  • Feb 1916: Battle of Verdun – appalling losses on both sides, stalemate continues
  • 24 Apr 1916: Easter Rising in Ireland – after the leaders are executed, public opinion backs independence
  • 21 May 1916: First use of Daylight Saving Time in UK
  • 31 May 1916: Battle of Jutland – only major naval battle between the British and German fleets
  • 5 Jun 1916: Sinking of HMS Hampshire and death of Kitchener
  • 3 Aug 1916: Sir Roger Casement hanged at Pentonville Prison for treason
  • 15 Sep 1916: First use of tanks in battle, but of limited effect (Battle of the Somme 1 July to 18 Nov: over 1 million casualties)
  • 7 Dec 1916: Lloyd-George becomes British Prime Minister of the coalition government
13 1917 
  • Battle of Cambrai – first use of massed tanks, but effect more psychological than actual
  • Ministry of Labour is established in Britain
  • Feb 1917: February revolution in Russia; Tsar Nicholas abdicates
  • 16 Apr 1917: Lenin returns to Russia after exile
  • 17 Apr 1917: USA declares war on Germany
  • 26 May 1917: George V changes surname from Saxe-Coburg-Gotha to Windsor (Royal proclamation on 17 July)
  • Jul 1917: Battle of Passchendaele – little gained by either side (Jul-Nov)
  • 7 Nov 1917: 'October' Revolution in Russia – Bolsheviks overthrow provisional government; Lenin becomes Chief Commissar
  • 6 Dec 1917: Halifax (Nova Scotia) Explosion, one of the world's largest artificial non-nuclear explosions to date: a ship loaded with wartime explosives blew up after a collision, obliterating buildings and structures within two square kilometres of the explosion
  • 9 Dec 1917: British forces capture Jerusalem
14 1918 
  • Vote for women over 30, men over 21 (except peers, lunatics and felons)
  • War of Independence in Ireland
  • 18 Jan 1918: Bentley Motors founded
  • 8 Mar 1918: Start of world-wide 'flu pandemic
  • Jul 1918: Second Battle of the Marne: last major German offensive in WW1 (Jul-Aug)
  • 1 Oct 1918: Arab forces under Lawrence of Arabia capture Damascus
  • 11 Nov 1918: Armistice signed
  • Dec 1918: First woman elected to House of Commons, Countess Markiewicz as a Sinn Féin member refused to take her seat
15 1919 
  • Britain adopts a 48-hour working week
  • Sir Ernest Rutherford publishes account of splitting the atom
  • 15 Jun 1919: Alcock and Brown complete first nonstop flight across the Atlantic
  • 28 Jun 1919: Treaty of Versailles signed
  

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