Thomas MARATT
Male Abt 1740 - Abt 1789


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Timeline

1740
1750
1760
1769
1779
1789


 
 
 




   Date  Event(s)
1741 
  • Benjamin Ingham founded the Moravian Methodists or Inghamites - Earliest Moravian registers
1742 
  • England goes to war with Spain - incited by William Pitt the Elder (Earl of Chatham) for the sake of trade
1743 
  • 16 Jun 1743: (June 27 in Gregorian calendar): Battle of Dettingen - last time a British sovereign (George II) led troops in battle
1744 
  • Tune 'God Save the King' makes its appearance
1745 
  • Jacobite rebellion in Scotland ('The Forty-five')
  • 19 Aug 1745: Bonnie Prince Charlie (The Young Pretender) lands in the western Highlands - raises support among Episcopalian and Catholic clans - The Pretender's army invades Perth, Edinburgh, and England as far as Derby
1746 
  • 16 Apr 1746: Battle of Culloden - last battle fought in Britain - 5,000 Highlanders routed by the Duke of Cumberland and 9,000 loyalists Scots - Young Pretender Charles flees to Continent, ending Jacobite hopes forever - the wearing of the kilt prohibited
1747 
  • Abolition of Heritable Jurisdictions in Scotland
  • Act for Pacification of the Highlands
1749 
  • 27 Apr 1749: First performance of Handel's Music for the Royal Fireworks (in Green Park, London)
1750 
  • Feb 1750: Series of earthquakes in London and the Home Counties cause panic with predictions of an apocalypse (Feb/Mar)
  • 16 Nov 1750: Original Westminster Bridge opened (replaced in 1862 due to subsidence)
10 1751 
  • Mar 1751: Chesterfield's Calendar Act passed royal assent to the bill was given on 22 May 1751 decision to adopt Gregorian Calendar in 1752: "In and throughout all his Majesty's Dominions and Countries in Europe, Asia, Africa, and America, belonging or subject to the Crown of Great Britain, the said Supputation, according to which the Year of Useful dates in British history 03/01/2009 12:12 our Lord beginneth on the 25th Day of March, shall not be made use of from and after the last Day of December 1751; and that the first Day of January next following the said last Day of December shall be reckoned, taken, deemed and accounted to be the first Day of the Year of our Lord 1752"
11 1752 
  • Benjamin Franklin invents the lightning conductor
  • 1 Jan 1752: Beginning of the year 1752 [Scotland had adopted January as the start of the year in 1600, and some other countries in Europe had adopted the Gregorian calendar as early as 1582]
  • 3 Sep 1752: Julian Calendar dropped and Gregorian Calendar adopted in England and Scotland, making this Sep 14
12 1753 
  • Private collection of Sir Hans Sloane forms the basis of the British Museum
  • 1 May 1753: Publication of "Species Plantarum" by Linnaeus, and the formal start date of plant taxonomy
13 1754 
  • Hardwicke Act (1753): Banns to be called, and Printed Marriage Register forms to be used - Quakers & Jews exempt
  • In the General Election, the Cow Inn at Haslemere, Surrey caused a national scandal by subdividing the freehold to create eight votes instead of one
  • First British troops not belonging to the East India Company despatched to India
14 1755 
  • Publication of "Dictionary of the English Language" by Dr Samuel Johnson
  • Period of canal construction began in Britain (till 1827)
  • 2 Dec 1755: Second Eddystone Lighthouse destroyed by fire
15 1756 
  • 15 May 1756: The Seven Years War with France (Pitt's trade war) begins
  • Jun 1756: Black Hole of Calcutta - 146 Britons imprisoned, most die according to British sources
16 1757 
  • The foundation laid for the Empire of India
  • 14 Mar 1757: Admiral Byng shot at Portsmouth for failing to relieve Minorca
  • 23 Jun 1757: The Nawab of Bengal tries to expel the British, but is defeated at the battle of Plassey (Palashi, June 23) - the East India Company forces are led by Robert Clive
17 1758 
  • India stops being merely a commercial venture - England begins dominating it politically - The East India Company retains its monopoly although it ceased to trade
18 1759 
  • Wesley builds 356 Methodist chapels
  • 15 Jan 1759: British Museum opens to the public in London
  • 16 Oct 1759: Third Eddystone Lighthouse (John Smeaton's) completed
19 1760 
  • Carron Iron Works in operation in Scotland
  • 5 May 1760: First use of hangman's drop
  • 25 Oct 1760: George II dies - George III Hanover, his grandson, becomes king. The date conventionally marks the start of the so-called "first Industrial Revolution"
20 1761 
  • 16 Jan 1761: British capture Pondicherry, India from the French
21 1762 
  • Cigars introduced into Britain from Cuba
22 1763 
  • Treaty of Paris - gives back to France everything Pitt fought to obtain - (Newfoundland [fishing], Guadaloupe and Martininque [sugar], Dakar [gum]) - but English displaces French as the international language
23 1764 
  • Lloyd's Register of shipping first prepared
  • Practice of numbering houses introduced to London
  • James Hargeaves invents the Spinning Jenny (but destroyed 1768)
  • Mozart produces his first symphony at age eight
24 1765 
  • The potato becomes the most popular food in Europe
  • 22 Mar 1765: Stamp Act passed - imposed a tax on publications and legal documents in the American colonies (repealed the following year)
25 1766 
  • Start of 'composite' national records on rainfall in the UK
  • 5 Dec 1766: Christie's auction house founded in London by James Christie
26 1767 
  • Newcomen's steam pumping engine perfected by James Watt
27 1768 
  • 9 Jan 1768: Philip Astley starts his circus in London
  • 6 Dec 1768: The first edition of the "Encyclopaedia Britannica" published in Edinburgh by William Smellie
28 1769 
  • Arkwright invents water frame (textile production)
  • Capt James Cook maps the coast of New Zealand
  • 6 Sep 1769: David Garrick organises first Shakespeare festival at Stratford-upon-Avon
29 1770 
  • Clyde Trust created to convert the River Clyde, then an insignificant river, into a major thoroughfare for maritime communications
  • 28 Apr 1770: Capt James Cook lands in Australia (Botany Bay) - Aug 21: formally claims Australia for Britain
30 1771 
  • Right to report Parliamentary debates established in England
31 1772 
  • First Travellers' Cheques issued by the London Credit Exchange Company
  • "Morning Post" first published (until 1937)
  • 14 May 1772: Judge Mansfield rules that there is no legal basis for slavery in England
32 1774 
  • 13 Sep 1774: Cook arrives on Easter Island
33 1775 
  • 19 Apr 1775: Battle of Lexington: first action in American War of Independence (1775 - 1783)
34 1776 
  • Somerset House in London becomes the repository of records of population
  • Watt and Boulton produce their first commercial steam engine
  • 4 Jul 1776: American Declaration of Independence
  • 7 Sep 1776: First attack on a warship by a submarine - David Bushnell's "Turtle" attacked HMS Eagle in New York harbour. The attack was perhaps spectacular (a charge did detonate beneath the ship), but was nevertheless unsuccessful. "Turtle" was a one man affair, man-powered [Les Moore]
35 1777 
  • Samuel Miller of Southampton patents the circular saw.
36 1779 
  • Marc Isambard Brunel opens the first steamdriven sawmill at Chatham Dockyard in Kent
  • First iron bridge built, over the Severn by John Wilkinson
  • First Spinning Mills operational in Scotland
  • 14 Feb 1779: Capt James Cook killed on Hawaii
  • 23 Sep 1779: Naval engagement between Britain and USA off Flamborough Head
37 1780 
  • Male Servants Tax
  • The English Reform Movement - until now, only landowners and tenants (freeholders with 40 shillings per year or more) allowed to vote, and in open poll books
  • Fountain pen invented
  • About this time the word 'Quiz' entered the language, said to have been invented as a wager by Mr Daly, a Dublin theatre manager
  • 4 May 1780: First Derby run at Epsom (some say 2nd June)
  • 2 Jun 1780: Jun 28: The Gordon Riots - Parliament passes a Roman Catholic relief measure - for days, London is at the mercy of a mob and destruction is widespread
38 1782 
  • Gilbert's Act establishes outdoor poor relief - the way of life of the poor beginning to alter due to industrialisation - New factories in rapidly expanding towns required a workforce that would adjust to new work patterns
  • James Watt patents his steam engine
39 1783 
  • Duty payable on Parish Register entries (3d per entry - repealed 1794) - led to a fall in entries!
  • 3 Sep 1783: Treaty of Versailles (Britain/US)
  • 3 Nov 1783: Last public execution at Tyburn in London (John Austin, a highwayman)
40 1784 
  • Pitt's India Act - the Crown (as opposed to officers of the East India Company) has power to guide Indian politics
  • Wesley breaks with the Church of England
  • First golf club founded at St Andrews
  • Invention of threshing machine by Andrew Meikle
  • 2 Aug 1784: First mail coaches in England (4pm Bristol / 8am London)
41 1785 
  • Sunday School Society founded to educate poor children (by 1851, enrols more than 2 million)
  • 1 Jan 1785: John Walter publishes first edition of The Times (called The Daily Universal Register for 3 years)
42 1787 
  • MCC (Marylebone Cricket Club) established at Thomas Lord's ground in London
43 1788 
  • First steamboat demonstrated in Scotland
  • Law passed requiring that chimney sweepers be a minimum of 8 years old (not enforced)
  • First slave carrying act, the Dolben Act of 1788, regulates the slave trade - stipulates more humane conditions on slave ships
  • King George III's mental illness occasions the Regency Crisis - Edmund Burke and Charles James Fox attack ministry of William Pitt - trying to obtain full regal powers for the Prince of Wales
  • Gibbon completes "Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire"
  • 26 Jan 1788: First convicts (and free settlers) arrive in New South Wales (left Portsmouth 13 May 1787) — the 'First Fleet'; eleven ships commanded by Captain Arthur Phillip
44 1789 
  • 28 Apr 1789: Mutiny on HMS Bounty - Captain William Bligh and 18 sailors are set adrift and the rebel crew ends up on Pitcairn Island